All about Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Treatment in Las Vegas
You’re working at your desk, or from home in this pandemic in Las Vegas, trying to ignore the tingling or numbness you’ve had for months in your hand and wrist. Suddenly, a sharp, piercing pain shoots through the wrist and up your arm. Just a passing cramp? More likely you have carpal tunnel syndrome, a painful progressive condition caused by compression of a key nerve in the wrist.
Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. The median nerve controls sensations to the palm side of the thumb and fingers (although not the little finger), as well as impulses to some small muscles in the hand that allow the fingers and thumb to move. The carpal tunnel – a narrow, rigid passageway of ligament and bones at the base of the hand – houses the median nerve and tendons. Sometimes, thickening from irritated tendons or other swelling narrows the tunnel and causes the median nerve to be compressed. The result may be pain, weakness, or numbness in the hand and wrist, radiating up the arm. Although painful sensations may indicate other conditions, carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common and widely known of the entrapment neuropathies in which the body’s peripheral nerves are compressed or traumatized.
Symptoms usually start gradually, with frequent burning, tingling, or itching numbness in the palm of the hand and the fingers, especially the thumb and the index and middle fingers. Some carpal tunnel sufferers say their fingers feel useless and swollen, even though little or no swelling is apparent. The symptoms often first appear in one or both hands during the night, since many people sleep with flexed wrists. A person with carpal tunnel syndrome may wake up feeling the need to “shake out” the hand or wrist. As symptoms worsen, people might feel tingling during the day. Decreased grip strength may make it difficult to form a fist, grasp small objects, or perform other manual tasks. In chronic and/or untreated cases, the muscles at the base of the thumb may waste away. Some people are unable to tell between hot and cold by touch.
Carpal tunnel syndrome is often the result of a combination of factors that increase pressure on the median nerve and tendons in the carpal tunnel, rather than a problem with the nerve itself. Most likely the disorder is due to a congenital predisposition – the carpal tunnel is simply smaller in some people than in others. Other contributing factors include trauma or injury to the wrist that cause swelling, such as sprain or fracture; overactivity of the pituitary gland; hypothyroidism; rheumatoid arthritis; mechanical problems in the wrist joint; work stress; repeated use of vibrating hand tools; fluid retention during pregnancy or menopause; or the development of a cyst or tumor in the canal. Carpal tunnel syndrome is also associated with pregnancy and diseases such as diabetes, thyroid disease, or rheumatoid arthritis. In some cases no cause can be identified.
There is little clinical data to prove whether repetitive and forceful movements of the hand and wrist during work or leisure activities can cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Repeated motions performed in the course of normal work or other daily activities can result in repetitive motion disorders such as bursitis and tendonitis. Writer’s cramp – a condition in which a lack of fine motor skill coordination and ache and pressure in the fingers, wrist, or forearm is brought on by repetitive activity – is not a symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Women are three times more likely than men to develop carpal tunnel syndrome, perhaps because the carpal tunnel itself may be smaller in women than in men. The dominant hand is usually affected first and produces the most severe pain. Persons with diabetes or other metabolic disorders that directly affect the body’s nerves and make them more susceptible to compression are also at high risk. Carpal tunnel syndrome usually occurs only in adults.
The risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome is not confined to people in a single industry or job, but is especially common in those performing assembly line work – manufacturing, sewing, finishing, cleaning, and meat, poultry, or fish packing. In fact, carpal tunnel syndrome is three times more common among assemblers than among data-entry personnel. A 2001 study by the Mayo Clinic found heavy computer use (up to 7 hours a day) did not increase a person’s risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome.
During 1998, an estimated three of every 10,000 workers lost time from work because of carpal tunnel syndrome. Half of these workers missed more than 10 days of work. The average lifetime cost of carpal tunnel syndrome, including medical bills and lost time from work, is estimated to be about $30,000 for each injured worker.
Early diagnosis and treatment are important to avoid permanent damage to the median nerve. A physical examination of the hands, arms, shoulders, and neck can help determine if the patient’s complaints are related to daily activities or to an underlying disorder, and can rule out other painful conditions that mimic carpal tunnel syndrome. The wrist is examined for tenderness, swelling, warmth, and discoloration. Each finger should be tested for sensation, and the muscles at the base of the hand should be examined for strength and signs of atrophy. Routine laboratory tests and X-rays can reveal diabetes, arthritis, and fractures.
Physicians can use specific tests to try to produce the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. In the Tinel test, the doctor taps on or presses on the median nerve in the patient’s wrist. The test is positive when tingling in the fingers or a resultant shock-like sensation occurs. The Phalen, or wrist-flexion, test involves having the patient hold his or her forearms upright by pointing the fingers down and pressing the backs of the hands together. The presence of carpal tunnel syndrome is suggested if one or more symptoms, such as tingling or increasing numbness, is felt in the fingers within 1 minute. Doctors may also ask patients to try to make a movement that brings on symptoms.
Often it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis by use of electrodiagnostic tests. In a nerve conduction study, electrodes are placed on the hand and wrist. Small electric shocks are applied and the speed with which nerves transmit impulses is measured. In electromyography, a fine needle is inserted into a muscle; electrical activity viewed on a screen can determine the severity of damage to the median nerve. Ultrasound imaging can show impaired movement of the median nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can show the anatomy of the wrist but to date has not been especially useful in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome.
Treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome should begin as early as possible, under a doctor’s direction. Underlying causes such as diabetes or arthritis should be treated first. Initial treatment generally involves resting the affected hand and wrist for at least 2 weeks, avoiding activities that may worsen symptoms, and immobilizing the wrist in a splint to avoid further damage from twisting or bending. If there is inflammation, applying cool packs can help reduce swelling.
Non-surgical treatments
– In special circumstances, various drugs can ease the pain and swelling associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and other nonprescription pain relievers, may ease symptoms that have been present for a short time or have been caused by strenuous activity. Orally administered diuretics (“water pills”) can decrease swelling. Corticosteroids (such as prednisone) or the drug lidocaine can be injected directly into the wrist or taken by mouth (in the case of prednisone) to relieve pressure on the median nerve and provide immediate, temporary relief to persons with mild or intermittent symptoms. (Caution: persons with diabetes and those who may be predisposed to diabetes should note that prolonged use of corticosteroids can make it difficult to regulate insulin levels. Corticosterioids should not be taken without a doctor’s prescription.) Additionally, some studies show that vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine) supplements may ease the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.
– Stretching and strengthening exercises can be helpful in people whose symptoms have abated. These exercises may be supervised by a physical therapist, who is trained to use exercises to treat physical impairments, or an occupational therapist, who is trained in evaluating people with physical impairments and helping them build skills to improve their health and well-being.
Alternative therapies – Acupuncture and chiropractic care have benefited some patients but their effectiveness remains unproved. An exception is yoga, which has been shown to reduce pain and improve grip strength among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
Surgery
Carpal tunnel release is one of the most common surgical procedures in the United States. Generally recommended if symptoms last for 6 months, surgery involves severing the band of tissue around the wrist to reduce pressure on the median nerve. Surgery is done under local anesthesia and does not require an overnight hospital stay. Many patients require surgery on both hands. The following are types of carpal tunnel release surgery:
Open release surgery, the traditional procedure used to correct carpal tunnel syndrome, consists of making an incision up to 2 inches in the wrist and then cutting the carpal ligament to enlarge the carpal tunnel. The procedure is generally done under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis, unless there are unusual medical considerations.
Endoscopic surgery may allow faster functional recovery and less postoperative discomfort than traditional open release surgery. The surgeon makes two incisions (about ½ inch each) in the wrist and palm, inserts a camera attached to a tube, observes the tissue on a screen, and cuts the carpal ligament (the tissue that holds joints together). This two-portal endoscopic surgery, generally performed under local anesthesia, is effective and minimizes scarring and scar tenderness, if any. Single portal endoscopic surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome is also available and can result in less post-operative pain and a minimal scar. It generally allows individuals to resume some normal activities in a short period of time.
Although symptoms may be relieved immediately after surgery, full recovery from carpal tunnel surgery can take months. Some patients may have infection, nerve damage, stiffness, and pain at the scar. Occasionally the wrist loses strength because the carpal ligament is cut. Patients should undergo physical therapy after surgery to restore wrist strength. Some patients may need to adjust job duties or even change jobs after recovery from surgery.
Recurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome following treatment is rare. The majority of patients recover completely.
How can carpal tunnel syndrome be prevented?
At the workplace, workers can do on-the-job conditioning, perform stretching exercises, take frequent rest breaks, wear splints to keep wrists straight, and use correct posture and wrist position. Wearing fingerless gloves can help keep hands warm and flexible. Workstations, tools and tool handles, and tasks can be redesigned to enable the worker’s wrist to maintain a natural position during work. Jobs can be rotated among workers. Employers can develop programs in ergonomics, the process of adapting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of workers. However, research has not conclusively shown that these workplace changes prevent the occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome.
What research is being done?
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), a part of the National Institutes of Health, is the federal government’s leading supporter of biomedical research on neuropathy, including carpal tunnel syndrome. Scientists are studying the chronology of events that occur with carpal tunnel syndrome in order to better understand, treat, and prevent this ailment. By determining distinct biomechanical factors related to pain, such as specific joint angles, motions, force, and progression over time, researchers are finding new ways to limit or prevent carpal tunnel syndrome in the workplace and decrease other costly and disabling occupational illnesses.
Randomized clinical trials are being designed to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions in reducing the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders. Data to be collected from a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-sponsored study of carpal tunnel syndrome among construction workers will provide a better understanding of the specific work factors associated with the disorder, furnish pilot data for planning future projects to study its natural history, and assist in developing strategies to prevent its occurrence among construction and other workers. Other research will discern differences between the relatively new carpal compression test (in which the examiner applies moderate pressure with both thumbs directly on the carpal tunnel and underlying median nerve, at the transverse carpal ligament) and the pressure provocative test (in which a cuff placed at the anterior of the carpal tunnel is inflated, followed by direct pressure on the median nerve) in predicting carpal tunnel syndrome. Scientists are also investigating the use of alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, to prevent and treat this disorder.
Where can I get more information?
For more information on neurological disorders or research programs funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, contact the Institute’s Brain Resources and Information Network (BRAIN) at:
BRAIN
P.O. Box 5801
Bethesda, MD 20824
(800) 352-9424
http://www.ninds.nih.gov
Information also is available from the following organizations:
American Chronic Pain Association (ACPA)
P.O. Box 850
Rocklin, CA 95677-0850
[email protected]
http://www.theacpa.org
Tel: 916-632-0922 800-533-3231
Fax: 916-652-8190
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
National Institutes of Health, DHHS
31 Center Dr., Rm. 4C02 MSC 2350
Bethesda, MD 20892-2350
[email protected]
http://www.niams.nih.gov
Tel: 301-496-8190 877-22-NIAMS (226-4267)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
1600 Clifton Road, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30333
[email protected]
http://www.cdc.gov
Tel: 800-311-3435 404-639-3311/404-639-3543
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
U.S. Department of Labor
200 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20210
http://www.osha.gov
Tel: 800-321-OSHA (-6742)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Fact Sheet,” NINDS. Publication date November 2002.
NIH Publication No. 03-4898
Back to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Information Page
See a list of all NINDS Disorders
Publicaciones en Español
Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano
Prepared by:
Office of Communications and Public Liaison
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD 20892
NINDS health-related material is provided for information purposes only and does not necessarily represent endorsement by or an official position of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or any other Federal agency. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient’s medical history.
All NINDS-prepared information is in the public domain and may be freely copied. We Credit NINDS and the NIH.
Feel free to read the transcription below to the video above
everybody’s actually by the game
redactor you’re in sport soccers talking
to you today about carpal tunnel
syndrome this is a study that we’ve
covered multiple times but I still get a
lot of questions about it and a lot of
requests to do videos about it
specifically how you impact the gaming
community how it impacts people do a lot
of typing or texting or keyboarding our
mouse use is really extreme so today I’d
like to go over the basics of carpal
tunnel what it is again the anatomy of
carpal tunnel as well as how its treated
and how its treated surgically and
non-surgically so for myself as no big
surgery I see a lot of gamers of course
from all over the world a lot of
athletes who develop carpal tunnel
syndrome and I want to give you some
basics today about it how to prevent it
hopefully and more importantly how to
prevent any type of surgical
intervention so let’s begin so what is
carpal tunnel carpal tunnel is
impingement of the median nerve under
the TCL the transverse carpal ligament
so if you think about the layers here of
the hand over this area there’s skin and
then there’s fat and then there’s
something comes the palmar aponeurosis
and then other that there are some
vessels and the next thing is the
transverse carpal ligament and the
transverse carpal ligament is the median
nerve so when there’s a problem like
carpal tunnel someone will come in and
they’ll have the following problem
they’ll have numbness and tingling and
their thumb index finger middle finger
half of the ring finger they’ll have a
decrease in dexterity decrease in stress
don’t have pain that wakes them up at
night in their hands we have to shake
their hands out they will have
difficulty driving difficulty playing
sports just difficulty in life they’ll
also come in and say well definitely I’m
dropping all the cups and plates in my
home because I have no strength in my
hands so if you have those problems of
course it can be associated with carpal
tunnel syndrome now the issue here is
well how
treat it who commonly has it what it
commonly affects women and it commonly
affects people and their late s are
early to mid s however what I see now
in the gaming community it affects
people I’ve seen as young as years
old and as old as so and the person I
have done surgery on for carpal tunnel
oldest was I think he was ninety nine
and a half actually so it can affect a
wide demographic so if you have those
problems as population you have carpal
tunnel so it’s important that you talk
to your healthcare professional yeah a
lot of tests that we can do the first
thing that is most important for any
position of course will be to get your
history and to do a physical exam
because once we do that we can see if
there really are these issues that you
think are bothering you how we can help
you now the other tests we can get a
test called an EMG nerve conduction
study whereby they will place needles
and certain specific points of your
upper Trinity to check your nerves
specifically the median nerve also will
often check the median nerve as well as
the alternative we do this because
there’s something that we’ll talk about
another time is cubital tunnel syndrome
which is the ulnar nerve is affected
here at the elbow but for now carpal
tunnel now the other thing that we will
get is an ultrasound sometime because an
ultrasound can tell us if there is a
Gailey insist or some type of mass
that’s impinging on the median nerve
here at the carpal tunnel now with that
said if we do all of those tests and
it’s positive that you do have carpal
tunnel and there can be a wide variety
sometimes it can be from to
percent of the tests especially the EMG
can be negative when the person still
has carpal tunnel so I want you to know
that if you have a negative test it
doesn’t mean you don’t have carpal
tunnel it just simply means that it
wasn’t picked up by that test and all it
depends on the sensitivity of the test
as well as the operator the EMG you know
who performed the tests did they do it
really well they do it properly so a lot
of variables there now
let’s talk about how do we treat carpal
tunnel well we can initially treat it
with a change in what you’re doing for
example if you’re gaming for eighteen or
twenty three hours a day
well maybe game less that’s important
maybe game differently maybe there’s a
different Mouse make sure that your
setup is ergonomically balanced you want
to maybe change the mouse setting to
maybe be less less sensitive maybe add a
mid-range change your keyboard to make
sure it’s ergonomically balanced make
sure that you’re sitting properly while
you’re gaming that you’re your posture
is appropriate that you’re not leaning
your shoulders down you’re not dipping
your neck down on your game you’re not
in this type of position when you’re
when you hold a controller for example
that you’re your chest is upright your
shoulders are square your head is up
your neck is relaxed other things that
you want to correct of course is your
work if you work at a desk that’s not
balanced if you’re doing an extreme
amount of keyboarding every day these
things may have to be collected or your
mouth may need it for a mouse you may
have to change that to a trackball
it depends on what works for your body
especially if you’re having problems and
want to do things quickly to prevent the
progression of carpal tunnel now if
those tests are conclusive that you have
if the test else that you have instead
of symptoms these are the ways that we
treat carpal tunnel number one we will
ask them to change their work habits
whatever you’re doing
number two we will treat you an embrace
for a short period of time because if
you use a brace for a long period of
time and actually make the entire
Trinity much weaker because you’re not
using your hands and your fingers and
your wrists properly so you use a brace
for a short period of time of course the
big thing I use in my practice is
acupuncture I love acupuncture is really
a underutilized and underappreciated
mode of healing so I love acupuncture so
I saw up in my practice with acupuncture
as well as diet I asked the patient I’m
taking care of
I’ll ask him about their diet do they
have a lot of psyllium in their diet a
lot of fried foods a lot of sugar a lot
of light rice a lot of white bread you
know things that really don’t have a lot
of great nutritional value
so we talked about that we also talked
about the need to exercise we have to
exercise exercise like gaming exercise
the lifestyle Gaming is a lifestyle so I
want you to really consider doing that
also it’s so very very important so if
acupuncture has not been effective the
next thing I do in my practice physical
therapy you’ll see an occupational
therapist or physical therapist for
maybe three to four weeks see if that
gives some benefit now if none of that
helps then the next thing we can talk
about of course is revisiting their work
side of their gaming area to make sure
that everything is ergonomically
balanced and working properly for their
body their body type for their height
then if none of that helps then we can
talk about something more invasive the
more basic thing of course would be an
injection to the wrist so we’ll inject
the carpal tunnel with the steroid now
I’m not big on any medication but
sometimes course we have to use it to
help the patient to get better so we do
and we’ll do an injection I in my
practice I use kilowog and sometimes
I’ll use a diplomate doll but more often
can unlock and we’ll do injects with
that and marcaine if they have relief
from that great now I’ll tell you my
practice the statistics that I have are
the following
% of people get better from two weeks
to two to five years and then the
symptoms return about thirty percent of
people I get injection in my practice
again I’m not talking about the
literature in general from from other
places other studies of the hospital my
my practice the doctor leave my client
that has no experience food there we see
six or seven people get better from two
weeks to two to five years then they’re
still come back about % of people that
I have want one injection the pain
numbers continue and decrease Griffith
goes away and they never come back again
which is great when we call them back to
say hey I’m not having problems I don’t
need to see which is fantastic then %
of people it has no effect at all and
then we have to talk about more invasive
things like surgery now but I do tell
everyone always try to avoid surgical
surgery always does we’ll do one of
three things make you better make you
worse or no change so you talk about a
.% chance of getting better so I
always say if you can oblige
for anything trying to avoid that now
with that said I want to go over some
basic exercises for carpal tunnel
syndrome these can be done in your
office at your gaming site in your car
that they’re just simple to do so again
get a gliding exercise we talked about
them before but I added a twist to those
so you can do them this way with the
hand open you can do them with the fist
close this way if you want to reverse it
so Ken this way Tim that way can with
the hand open ten with the hand open
going the opposite direction then you
can do these these are flappers up and
down up and down up and down and then
the up you want to really hold to really
stretch out your your form stretch out
the extensors of your of your hands go
up and hold like that I’m going to hold
this for about thirty seconds really
really easy I don’t want you to hold it
flex for thirty Seconds I watched for
carpal tunnel specifically I want you to
hold it up for thirty seconds just like
that with the elbow straight which your
neck relaxed with your shoulders square
all right very very simple then the
other things that you can do of course
are just shaking out your hand shaking
out your wrist just like this for our
thirty Seconds to shake them out you can
do this every hour for about a minute
it’s really easy to shake up your wrist
we can check them out and go around this
way shake them out go around that way
really simple so would that say carpal
tunnel is one of the most common
entities that I treat in my practice not
only in the gaming community but with
people do a lot of repetitive motion so
I hope this video helps you please
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gaming is a lifestyle this dr. levo I’ll
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Thanks to CC license and Dr. C for sharing this valuable info. Feel free to read the transcription below…
my name is Doug Carlin I’m an orthopedic
hand surgeon and I work at the Caroline
Surgery Center
I’ve board-certified an orthopaedic
surgery with a certificate of added
qualification and hand surgery once we
have the diagnosis established I can
recommend treatment options treatment
options can range from postural changes
particularly at night so that would
include wearing a splint at night that
keeps the wrist more still if that’s
unsuccessful the next treatment options
can include an injection into the carpal
tunnel which is a cortisone injection
which can reduce the swelling around the
nerve and potentially give you relief
once you’ve crossed the threshold into
having persistent or constant symptoms
surgery is the best option to avoid
further damage to the nerve the role of
surgery is to relieve the pressure on
the nerve to allow the body to heal the
nerve and improve your your symptoms the
surgery is done as an outpatient
procedure
it’s a approximately minute long
surgery done with mostly local
anesthetic and a light sedation with
very low complication rate there’s two
ways to do the surgery I do what’s
called a mini open carpal tunnel release
which is a small incision here that’s
often less than two centimeters long i
incise the skin I go down through the
what’s called the subcutaneous tissues
to the transverse carpal ligament which
runs this direction and the transverse
carpal ligament is divided in the same
line as the skin incision which allows
the carpal tunnel to open up and become
larger to reduce the pressure on the
nerve once that’s accomplished three
stitches are placed in the skin in this
area and a light bandage is placed from
from here to here
in your hand on your hand that stays on
for a total of three days your fingers
are free to move to do most household
type chores writing typing feeding
yourself is all possible after surgery
very little discomfort after surgery you
have three stitches in the palm of your
hand we send you home with a small light
bandage that stays on for three days
your fingers are free to move
immediately
essential tasks such as feeding yourself
writing typing putting on clothes are
all able to be performed immediately
after surgery there’s some mild soreness
but it’s not a particularly painful
procedure typically the surgery is long
lasting and we don’t see recurrences of
carpal tunnel there’s no particular
exercises that need to be done after the
surgery to prevent it from recurring the
majority of patients can return to work
the day following surgery a typical
result following surgery is that the
tingling that you feel in your hand what
I call the hot symptoms the burning type
symptoms or tingling type symptoms
resolved immediately it’s a common
response after surgery for a patient to
come back and say I should have done
this much sooner
the percentage of what a patient would
consider a good or an excellent result
from carpal tunnel surgery is very high
and most literature will quote a success
rate of over % it’s one of the more
successful procedures that we do in
orthopedic surgery
you